Konservasi Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan Jawa Di Kebub Raya Baturraden Di Kawasan Bekas Hutan Produksi Terbatas

Managing Baturraden Botanical Garden in the Limited Production Forest Area can cause problems of surface run off if the location is not handled conservatively. This study aims to overcome the problem of ecosystem changes of the homogeneous Limited Production Forest to become Baturraden Botanical Garden which is heterogeneous forest by making PU (sample plots) in the utilization zone of 77.4 hectares in breadth, a total of 109 PU (sample plots) with a size of 20x20 m, intensity of 5.5, the distance between PU\u27s 1, 3 m. The parameters taken into consideration, as a result of observation, are the height of land between 1076-760 above sea level, land slope between 30⁰ 12⁰, land depth <85 cm - 90 <, soil erodibility 0.43, Brown Latosol soil type and an average rainfall of 5,600 mm per year. From the observation of Baturraden Botanical Garden area, it was observed that land surface run off processes easily occur. To overcome and change the ecosystem of the forest, from homogeneous to heterogeneous: (1) thinning should be phased in accordance to the land to be managed, (2) with the condition of very tight tree stands to be felled, lighting felling or thinning should be done without exposing the land considering the rainfall average of 5,600 mm per year. (3) In certain locations that are prone to erosion terracing must be made to reduce the occurrence of surface run-off. Key words: Botanical Garden, limited production forest, surface run-off, ecosystem. Cara sitasi: Mandiriati, H., Marsono, D., Poedjirahajoe, E., Sadono, R. (2016). Konservasi Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan Jawa di Kebub Raya Baturraden di Kawasan Bekas Hutan Produksi Terbatas. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan. 14(1),33-38, doi:10.14710/jil.14.1.33-3

Studi Intersepsi Hujan pada Hutan Tanaman Eucalyptus Pellita di Riau

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya kehilangan air melalui intersepsi di hutan tanaman E. pellita, di Perawang-Riau. Untuk menghitung besarnya nilai intersepsi, dilakukan pengukuran aliran batang (stemfl ow) dan lolosan tajuk (throughfall) pada umur tanaman 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 tahun, masing-masing 3 ulangan pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan besaran kisaran nilai intersepsi, throughfall dan stemfl ow masing-masing 13,3-18,7 %; 7,7-83,1 % dan 3,6-4,1 % dari curah hujan. Kapasitas tampungan tajuk (canopy storage capacity) tanaman E. pellita rata-rata sebesar 0,8 mm. Hubungan curah hujan dengan throughfall dan stemfl ow menunjukkan korelasi yang kuat (r2 rata-rata 0,99 dan 0,79), sedangkan dengan intersepsi korelasinya kurang kuat (r2 rata-rata 0,58)

Simulasi Model Dinamik Pengaruh Legume Cover Crops (Lcc) Terhadap Limpasan Dan Sedimen Di Lahan Hutan Tanaman (Dynamic Model Simulation of the Effects of Legume Cover Crops (Lcc) on Runoff and Sediment in Plantation Forest Land)

Declining productivity of plantation forest due to low soil fertility. This condition has forced managers to make efforts in manipulating the tree growing environment. One such effort is by introducing cover crops species from legumes (LCC), to control surface runoff, soil erosion and input nutrient into the soil. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of LCC in controlling total runoff and sedimentation in Eucalyptus pellita plantations, through dynamic model simulation. The dynamic model of STELLA version 9.0.2 was used to study water and nutrient cycles, focused on the application of LCC to reduce total runoff and sedimentation. The results showed that LCC could drop the total runoff of average 35% in the 1 - 2 years old. In the 1styear it decreased from 1,530 mm to 994 mm, while in the 2ndyear it decreased from 1,240 mm to 806 mm. The declining also occurred in the sediment content, in the 1st year it decreased from 12.20 tonnes/ha to 7.93 tonnes/ha, and the 2nd year it decreased from 6.63 tonnes/ha to 4.36 tonnes/ha. These research findings can be used by the environmental manager to minimize potential land degradation, especially during the post-harvest until the young plantations (0-2 years old) phases

Analisis Stakeholder Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung, Propvinsi Sulawesi Selatan (Stakeholder Analysis of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park Management, South Sulawesi Province)

Stakeholders involved in management of the Babul National Park have diverse interest and power that must be managed well in achieving Babul National Park management objectives. This study aims to identify the stakeholders in Babul National Park management, an explanation of the intersest and power of each stakeholder, and the role of stakeholders in accommodating the interests of communities around Babul National Park. The research was conducted in Maros Regency in Babul National Park, South Sulawesi Province. Data collected through observation and interviews to a number key informants. Data were analyzed with qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that primary stakeholders in the Babul National Park management consist of Babul National Park Agency, Communities around National Park, PDAM Maros, Tourism Office, water management institutions in the village. While the secondary stakeholders consist of the Forestry and Plantation Office, Agriculture Office, village and district government, Information and Food Security Agency, the National Land Agency, PNPM Mandiri, local NGOs, universities and research institutions. The existence of these stakeholders can provide positive and negative effects of Babul National Park. The role that can be done of stakeholders in accommodating the interests of society can be a control function, physical assistance, technical assistance, and research support. Collaborative management can be an alternative management model in accommodating the diverse interests of stakeholders

The global abundance of tree palms

Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests

The global abundance of tree palms

Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae). Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests

The Effects of Canal Blocking on Hydrological Restoration in Degraded Peat Swamp Forest Post-Forest Fires in Central Kalimantan

Tropical peat swamp forest is one of the wetland ecosystems on tropical peatlands with many ecological, economic, and socio-cultural functions. In Indonesia, the peat swamp forest ecosystems have been experiencing deforestation and degradation due to land clearing for plantations and agriculture and forest fires. In Central Kalimantan, especially in the ex-area of the 1 million hectares mega rice project (MRP)n in the 1990s, hydrological restoration is done by blocking the canals. We compared the three methods of canal blocking and the areas without canal blocking and the community's preference on what form of canal blocking is more beneficial for them. Large canal blocking, medium canal blocking, and small canal blocking had positively affected the groundwater level in the driest month above the fire-prone critical point. In contrast, the locations without blocking exceed the necessary fire-prone water level. Small, large, and medium blocking are equally capable of optimizing the peat soil water table. However, the local communities preferred small blocking over other methods because it was simple, labour-intensive, and improved their livelihood when involved in its construction. The local communities choose the big canal blockings less because they block transportation access in and out of the peat swamp forest. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Pertumbuhan Bandeng di Dua Tambak Silvofishery yang Berbeda Umur di Kawasan Mangrove Pantai Utara Kabupaten Rembang (Growth Of Milkfish In Two Different Age Silvofishery Fishponds In Mangrove Area In North Coast Of Rembang Regency)

Silvofisherymerupakanpolaagroforestry yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan program perhutanan sosial dikawasan hutan mangrove. Petani dapat memelihara ikan, udang, kepiting atau jenis komersial lainnya untuk memelihara hutan mangrove. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pertumbuhan bandeng pada tambak silvofishery tahun buat 1960 (A) dan tahun buat 1970 (B). Metode untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan berat bandeng yaitu setiap tambak diberi keramba jaring sebagai plot pengamatan dengan tiga kali ulangan. Peletakanplotberada di kiri-kanan dan tengahtambak agar mewakililuasantambak. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriftif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pada tambak A dengan umur tambak 47 tahun pertumbuhan rata-rata 10 ekor bandeng : 869,33gram dan pada tambak B dengan umur 37 tahun pertambahan berat rata-rata per 10 ekor bandeng : 866,11 gram. Selisih rata – rata peningkatan bandeng di kedua tambak sebesar 3,22 gram,yang artinya umur tambak tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bandeng di kawasan mangrove Pantai Utara Kabupaten Rembang

Karakteristik Habitat Mangrove Di Sekitar Pertambangan Timah Lepas Pantai Kabupaten Bangka Selatan (Characteristic of Mangrove Habitat Around Tin Offshore Mining in South Bangka Regency)

Kegiatan penambangan timah lepas pantai di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan dapat mengganggu komponen biotik mangrove terkait kualitas air meliputi suhu, kekeruhan, salinitas, oksigen terlarut, pH, kedalaman lumpur, kandungan logam berat dari air laut dan komponen abiotik mangrove seperti vegetasi mangrove dan Plankton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat mangrove berdasarkan kualitas perairan, vegetasi mangrove serta kandungan logam pada wilayah mangrove tanpa aktivitas pertambangan timah dan mangrove dengan aktivitas pertambangan timah. Metode pengambilan sampel di lapangan dilakukan secara systemactic sampling with random start, kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis independent sample test. Pengujian kualitas perairan dan kandungan logam dilakukan dengan mengacu pada baku mutu kebutuhan biota laut KepMenLH 2004. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada beda nyata rata-rata ketebalan lumpur pada kawasan mangrove alami 64 dan 179 cm pada kawasan mangrove di wilayah pertambangan timah lepas pantai, salinitas 32,56 dan 11,79 ‰, derajat keasaman (pH) 7,3 dan 6,2, oksigen terlarut 15,14 dan 12,82 ppm, kekeruhan 32 dan 9 cm, kelimpahan plankton 435.273 dan 546.800 individu/mL dengan keanekaragaman plankton 4,08 dan 2,99. Kerapatan jenis mangrove alami yaitu 46.600 individud/ha dan kerapatan jenis di kawasan mangrove pertambangan timah lepas pantai sebesar 18.300 individud/ha dengan keanekaragaman jenis 0,74 dan 0,84 dan perbandingan Suhu 28,4 dan 28,7 oC berdasarkan analisis sample test tidak menunjukkan beda nyata. Kandungan logam Timbal (Pb) dan Cu (tembaga) memiliki nilai yang sama, yaitu Pb < 0,0161 mg/L dan Cu < 0,0069 mg/L. Kadar Pb dan Cu di kawasan mangrove alami dipengaruhi oleh kondisi kepulauan merupakan jalur transportasi kapal-kapal yang menggunakan bahan bakar, sedangkan pada wilayah pertambangan timah di pengaruhi oleh limbah buangan hasil penambangan timah

Struktur Dan Komposisi Hutan Mangrove Di Iuphhk-ha PT. Bintuni Utama Murni Wood Industries Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni Provinsi Papua Barat

Satu - satunya Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu (IUPHHK) di Papua yang mendapatkan izin mengelola kawasan hutan mangrove yakni PT. Bintuni Utama Murni Wood Industries (BUMWI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur dan komposisi mangrove pada kawasan IUPHHK PT. BUMWI dengan menggunakan parameter kelimpahan jenis, sebaran permudaan, serta indeks keanekaragaman jenis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada keempat areal pengamatan yaitu lokasi 1 tahun, lokasi 10 tahun, lokasi 20 tahun bekas tebangan serta hutan primer, terdapat 12 jenis mangrove dari 5 famili. Hasil penelitian meninjukkan bahwa jenis yang paling dominan pada semua lokasi penelitian ialah jenis Rhizophora apiculata dengan total nilai INP sebesar 1621,53 dari semua lokasi pengamatan. Jenis R. apiculata permudaan alami pada keempat lokasi penelitian memiliki nilai kerapatan tertingi terdapat pada lokasi 1 tahun bekas tebangan dengan total kerapatan 300,203 individu/ha dengan jenis yang mendominasi R. apiculata dan Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis pada masing-masing lokasi penelitian berada pada selang sedang (1&lt;H'&lt;3) dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa jumlah individu pada setiap lokasi dan tingkatannya seragam